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Hadoop编程调用HDFS

Hadoop家族系列文章,主要介绍Hadoop家族产品,常用的项目包括Hadoop, Hive, Pig, HBase, Sqoop, Mahout, Zookeeper, Avro, Ambari, Chukwa,新增加的项目包括,YARN, Hcatalog, Oozie, Cassandra, Hama, Whirr, Flume, Bigtop, Crunch, Hue等。

从2011年开始,中国进入大数据风起云涌的时代,以Hadoop为代表的家族软件,占据了大数据处理的广阔地盘。开源界及厂商,所有数据软件,无一不向Hadoop靠拢。Hadoop也从小众的高富帅领域,变成了大数据开发的标准。在Hadoop原有技术基础之上,出现了Hadoop家族产品,通过“大数据”概念不断创新,推出科技进步。

作为IT界的开发人员,我们也要跟上节奏,抓住机遇,跟着Hadoop一起雄起!

关于作者:

  • 张丹(Conan), 程序员Java,R,PHP,Javascript
  • weibo:@Conan_Z
  • blog: http://blog.fens.me
  • email: bsspirit@gmail.com

转载请注明出处:
http://blog.fens.me/hadoop-hdfs-api/

hadoop-hdfs-api

前言

HDFS 全称Hadoop分步文件系统(Hadoop Distributed File System),是Hadoop的核心部分之一。要实现MapReduce的分步式算法时,数据必需提前放在HDFS上。因此,对于HDFS的操作就变得非常重要。Hadoop的命令行,提供了一套完整命令接口,就像Linux命令一样方便使用。

不过,有时候我们还需要在程序中直接访问HDFS,我们可以通过API的方式进行HDFS操作。

目录

  1. 系统环境
  2. ls操作
  3. rmr操作
  4. mkdir操作
  5. copyFromLocal操作
  6. cat操作
  7. copyToLocal操作
  8. 创建一个新文件,并写入内容

1. 系统环境

Hadoop集群环境

  • Linux Ubuntu 64bit Server 12.04.2 LTS
  • Java 1.6.0_29
  • Hadoop 1.1.2
    • 如何搭建Hadoop集群环境? 请参考文章:Hadoop历史版本安装

      开发环境

      • Win7 64bit
      • Java 1.6.0_45
      • Maven 3
      • Hadoop 1.1.2
      • Eclipse Juno Service Release 2
        • 如何用Maven搭建Win7的Hadoop开发环境? 请参考文章:用Maven构建Hadoop项目

          注:hadoop-core-1.1.2.jar,已重新编译,已解决了Win远程调用Hadoop的问题,请参考文章:Hadoop历史版本安装

          Hadooop命令行:java FsShell

          
          ~ hadoop fs
          
          Usage: java FsShell
                     [-ls ]
                     [-lsr ]
                     [-du ]
                     [-dus ]
                     [-count[-q] ]
                     [-mv  ]
                     [-cp  ]
                     [-rm [-skipTrash] ]
                     [-rmr [-skipTrash] ]
                     [-expunge]
                     [-put  ... ]
                     [-copyFromLocal  ... ]
                     [-moveFromLocal  ... ]
                     [-get [-ignoreCrc] [-crc]  ]
                     [-getmerge   [addnl]]
                     [-cat ]
                     [-text ]
                     [-copyToLocal [-ignoreCrc] [-crc]  ]
                     [-moveToLocal [-crc]  ]
                     [-mkdir ]
                     [-setrep [-R] [-w]  ]
                     [-touchz ]
                     [-test -[ezd] ]
                     [-stat [format] ]
                     [-tail [-f] ]
                     [-chmod [-R]  PATH...]
                     [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
                     [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
                     [-help [cmd]]
          

          上面列出了30个命令,我只实现了一部分的HDFS的命令!

          新建文件:HdfsDAO.java,用来调用HDFS的API。

          
          public class HdfsDAO {
          
              //HDFS访问地址
              private static final String HDFS = "hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/";
          
              public HdfsDAO(Configuration conf) {
                  this(HDFS, conf);
              }
          
              public HdfsDAO(String hdfs, Configuration conf) {
                  this.hdfsPath = hdfs;
                  this.conf = conf;
              }
          
              //hdfs路径
              private String hdfsPath;
              //Hadoop系统配置
              private Configuration conf;
          
              //启动函数
              public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                  JobConf conf = config();
                  HdfsDAO hdfs = new HdfsDAO(conf);
                  hdfs.mkdirs("/tmp/new/two");
                  hdfs.ls("/tmp/new");
              }        
              
              //加载Hadoop配置文件
              public static JobConf config(){
                  JobConf conf = new JobConf(HdfsDAO.class);
                  conf.setJobName("HdfsDAO");
                  conf.addResource("classpath:/hadoop/core-site.xml");
                  conf.addResource("classpath:/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml");
                  conf.addResource("classpath:/hadoop/mapred-site.xml");
                  return conf;
              }
          
              //API实现
              public void cat(String remoteFile) throws IOException {...}
              public void mkdirs(String folder) throws IOException {...}
              
              ...
          }
          

          2. ls操作

          说明:查看目录文件

          对应Hadoop命令:

          
          ~ hadoop fs -ls /
          Found 3 items
          drwxr-xr-x   - conan         supergroup          0 2013-10-03 05:03 /home
          drwxr-xr-x   - Administrator supergroup          0 2013-10-03 13:49 /tmp
          drwxr-xr-x   - conan         supergroup          0 2013-10-03 09:11 /user
          

          Java程序:

          
              public void ls(String folder) throws IOException {
                  Path path = new Path(folder);
                  FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(hdfsPath), conf);
                  FileStatus[] list = fs.listStatus(path);
                  System.out.println("ls: " + folder);
                  System.out.println("==========================================================");
                  for (FileStatus f : list) {
                      System.out.printf("name: %s, folder: %s, size: %d\n", f.getPath(), f.isDir(), f.getLen());
                  }
                  System.out.println("==========================================================");
                  fs.close();
              }
          
              public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                  JobConf conf = config();
                  HdfsDAO hdfs = new HdfsDAO(conf);
                  hdfs.ls("/");
              }   
          

          控制台输出:

          ls: /
          ==========================================================
          name: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/home, folder: true, size: 0
          name: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/tmp, folder: true, size: 0
          name: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user, folder: true, size: 0
          ==========================================================
          

          3. mkdir操作

          说明:创建目录,可以创建多级目录

          对应Hadoop命令:

          
          ~ hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp/new/one
          ~ hadoop fs -ls /tmp/new
          Found 1 items
          drwxr-xr-x   - conan supergroup          0 2013-10-03 15:35 /tmp/new/one
          

          Java程序:

          
              public void mkdirs(String folder) throws IOException {
                  Path path = new Path(folder);
                  FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(hdfsPath), conf);
                  if (!fs.exists(path)) {
                      fs.mkdirs(path);
                      System.out.println("Create: " + folder);
                  }
                  fs.close();
              }
          
              public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                  JobConf conf = config();
                  HdfsDAO hdfs = new HdfsDAO(conf);
                  hdfs.mkdirs("/tmp/new/two");
                  hdfs.ls("/tmp/new");
              }   
          

          控制台输出:

          
          Create: /tmp/new/two
          ls: /tmp/new
          ==========================================================
          name: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/tmp/new/one, folder: true, size: 0
          name: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/tmp/new/two, folder: true, size: 0
          ==========================================================
          

          4. rmr操作

          说明:删除目录和文件

          对应Hadoop命令:

          
          ~ hadoop fs -rmr /tmp/new/one
          Deleted hdfs://master:9000/tmp/new/one
          
          ~  hadoop fs -ls /tmp/new
          Found 1 items
          drwxr-xr-x   - Administrator supergroup          0 2013-10-03 15:38 /tmp/new/two
          

          Java程序:

          
              public void rmr(String folder) throws IOException {
                  Path path = new Path(folder);
                  FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(hdfsPath), conf);
                  fs.deleteOnExit(path);
                  System.out.println("Delete: " + folder);
                  fs.close();
              }
          
              public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                  JobConf conf = config();
                  HdfsDAO hdfs = new HdfsDAO(conf);
                  hdfs.rmr("/tmp/new/two");
                  hdfs.ls("/tmp/new");
              }     
          

          控制台输出:

          
          Delete: /tmp/new/two
          ls: /tmp/new
          ==========================================================
          ==========================================================
          

          5. copyFromLocal操作

          说明:复制本地文件系统到HDFS

          对应Hadoop命令:

          
          ~ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal /home/conan/datafiles/item.csv /tmp/new/
          
          ~ hadoop fs -ls /tmp/new/
          Found 1 items
          -rw-r--r--   1 conan supergroup        210 2013-10-03 16:07 /tmp/new/item.csv
          

          Java程序:

          
              public void copyFile(String local, String remote) throws IOException {
                  FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(hdfsPath), conf);
                  fs.copyFromLocalFile(new Path(local), new Path(remote));
                  System.out.println("copy from: " + local + " to " + remote);
                  fs.close();
              }
          
              public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                  JobConf conf = config();
                  HdfsDAO hdfs = new HdfsDAO(conf);
                  hdfs.copyFile("datafile/randomData.csv", "/tmp/new");
                  hdfs.ls("/tmp/new");
              }    
          

          控制台输出:

          
          copy from: datafile/randomData.csv to /tmp/new
          ls: /tmp/new
          ==========================================================
          name: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/tmp/new/item.csv, folder: false, size: 210
          name: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/tmp/new/randomData.csv, folder: false, size: 36655
          ==========================================================
          

          6. cat操作

          说明:查看文件内容

          对应Hadoop命令:

          
          ~ hadoop fs -cat /tmp/new/item.csv
          1,101,5.0
          1,102,3.0
          1,103,2.5
          2,101,2.0
          2,102,2.5
          2,103,5.0
          2,104,2.0
          3,101,2.5
          3,104,4.0
          3,105,4.5
          3,107,5.0
          4,101,5.0
          4,103,3.0
          4,104,4.5
          4,106,4.0
          5,101,4.0
          5,102,3.0
          5,103,2.0
          5,104,4.0
          5,105,3.5
          5,106,4.0
          

          Java程序:

          
              public void cat(String remoteFile) throws IOException {
                  Path path = new Path(remoteFile);
                  FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(hdfsPath), conf);
                  FSDataInputStream fsdis = null;
                  System.out.println("cat: " + remoteFile);
                  try {  
                      fsdis =fs.open(path);
                      IOUtils.copyBytes(fsdis, System.out, 4096, false);  
                    } finally {  
                      IOUtils.closeStream(fsdis);
                      fs.close();
                    }
              }
          
              public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                  JobConf conf = config();
                  HdfsDAO hdfs = new HdfsDAO(conf);
                  hdfs.cat("/tmp/new/item.csv");
              } 
          

          控制台输出:

          
          cat: /tmp/new/item.csv
          1,101,5.0
          1,102,3.0
          1,103,2.5
          2,101,2.0
          2,102,2.5
          2,103,5.0
          2,104,2.0
          3,101,2.5
          3,104,4.0
          3,105,4.5
          3,107,5.0
          4,101,5.0
          4,103,3.0
          4,104,4.5
          4,106,4.0
          5,101,4.0
          5,102,3.0
          5,103,2.0
          5,104,4.0
          5,105,3.5
          5,106,4.0
          

          7. copyToLocal操作

          说明:从HDFS复制文件在本地操作系

          对应Hadoop命令:

          
          ~ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /tmp/new/item.csv /home/conan/datafiles/tmp/
          
          ~ ls -l /home/conan/datafiles/tmp/
          -rw-rw-r-- 1 conan conan 210 Oct  3 16:16 item.csv
          

          Java程序:

          
              public void download(String remote, String local) throws IOException {
                  Path path = new Path(remote);
                  FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(hdfsPath), conf);
                  fs.copyToLocalFile(path, new Path(local));
                  System.out.println("download: from" + remote + " to " + local);
                  fs.close();
              }
          
              public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                  JobConf conf = config();
                  HdfsDAO hdfs = new HdfsDAO(conf);
                  hdfs.download("/tmp/new/item.csv", "datafile/download");
                  
                  File f = new File("datafile/download/item.csv");
                  System.out.println(f.getAbsolutePath());
              }    
          

          控制台输出:

          
          2013-10-12 17:17:32 org.apache.hadoop.util.NativeCodeLoader 
          警告: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
          download: from/tmp/new/item.csv to datafile/download
          D:\workspace\java\myMahout\datafile\download\item.csv
          

          8. 创建一个新文件,并写入内容

          说明:创建一个新文件,并写入内容。

          • touchz:可以用来创建一个新文件,或者修改文件的时间戳。
          • 写入内容没有对应命令。

          对应Hadoop命令:

          
          ~ hadoop fs -touchz /tmp/new/empty
          
          ~ hadoop fs -ls /tmp/new
          Found 3 items
          -rw-r--r--   1 conan         supergroup          0 2013-10-03 16:24 /tmp/new/empty
          -rw-r--r--   1 conan         supergroup        210 2013-10-03 16:07 /tmp/new/item.csv
          -rw-r--r--   3 Administrator supergroup      36655 2013-10-03 16:09 /tmp/new/randomData.csv
          
          ~ hadoop fs -cat /tmp/new/empty
          

          Java程序:

          
              public void createFile(String file, String content) throws IOException {
                  FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(hdfsPath), conf);
                  byte[] buff = content.getBytes();
                  FSDataOutputStream os = null;
                  try {
                      os = fs.create(new Path(file));
                      os.write(buff, 0, buff.length);
                      System.out.println("Create: " + file);
                  } finally {
                      if (os != null)
                          os.close();
                  }
                  fs.close();
              }
          
              public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                  JobConf conf = config();
                  HdfsDAO hdfs = new HdfsDAO(conf);
                  hdfs.createFile("/tmp/new/text", "Hello world!!");
                  hdfs.cat("/tmp/new/text");
              }   
          

          控制台输出:

          
          Create: /tmp/new/text
          cat: /tmp/new/text
          Hello world!!
          

          完整的文件:HdfsDAO.java
          https://github.com/bsspirit/maven_mahout_template/blob/mahout-0.8/src/main/java/org/conan/mymahout/hdfs/HdfsDAO.java

          转载请注明出处:
          http://blog.fens.me/hadoop-hdfs-api/

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