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用Maven构建Mahout项目

Hadoop家族系列文章,主要介绍Hadoop家族产品,常用的项目包括Hadoop, Hive, Pig, HBase, Sqoop, Mahout, Zookeeper, Avro, Ambari, Chukwa,新增加的项目包括,YARN, Hcatalog, Oozie, Cassandra, Hama, Whirr, Flume, Bigtop, Crunch, Hue等。

从2011年开始,中国进入大数据风起云涌的时代,以Hadoop为代表的家族软件,占据了大数据处理的广阔地盘。开源界及厂商,所有数据软件,无一不向Hadoop靠拢。Hadoop也从小众的高富帅领域,变成了大数据开发的标准。在Hadoop原有技术基础之上,出现了Hadoop家族产品,通过“大数据”概念不断创新,推出科技进步。

作为IT界的开发人员,我们也要跟上节奏,抓住机遇,跟着Hadoop一起雄起!

关于作者:

  • 张丹(Conan), 程序员Java,R,PHP,Javascript
  • weibo:@Conan_Z
  • blog: http://blog.fens.me
  • email: bsspirit@gmail.com

转载请注明出处:
http://blog.fens.me/hadoop-mahout-maven-eclipse/

mahout-maven-logo

前言

基于Hadoop的项目,不管是MapReduce开发,还是Mahout的开发都是在一个复杂的编程环境中开发。Java的环境问题,是困扰着每个程序员的噩梦。Java程序员,不仅要会写Java程序,还要会调linux,会配hadoop,启动hadoop,还要会自己运维。所以,新手想玩起Hadoop真不是件简单的事。

不过,我们可以尽可能的简化环境问题,让程序员只关注于写程序。特别是像算法程序员,把精力投入在算法设计上,要比花时间解决环境问题有价值的多。

目录

  1. Maven介绍和安装
  2. Mahout单机开发环境介绍
  3. 用Maven构建Mahout开发环境
  4. 用Mahout实现协同过滤userCF
  5. 用Mahout实现kmeans
  6. 模板项目上传github

1. Maven介绍和安装

请参考文章:用Maven构建Hadoop项目

开发环境

  • Win7 64bit
  • Java 1.6.0_45
  • Maven 3
  • Eclipse Juno Service Release 2
  • Mahout 0.6

这里要说明一下mahout的运行版本。

  • mahout-0.5, mahout-0.6, mahout-0.7,是基于hadoop-0.20.2x的。
  • mahout-0.8, mahout-0.9,是基于hadoop-1.1.x的。
  • mahout-0.7,有一次重大升级,去掉了多个算法的单机内存运行,并且了部分API不向前兼容。

注:本文关注于“用Maven构建Mahout的开发环境”,文中的 2个例子都是基于单机的内存实现,因此选择0.6版本。Mahout在Hadoop集群中运行会在下一篇文章介绍。

2. Mahout单机开发环境介绍

hadoop-mahout-dev

如上图所示,我们可以选择在win中开发,也可以在linux中开发,开发过程我们可以在本地环境进行调试,标配的工具都是Maven和Eclipse。

3. 用Maven构建Mahout开发环境

  • 1. 用Maven创建一个标准化的Java项目
  • 2. 导入项目到eclipse
  • 3. 增加mahout依赖,修改pom.xml
  • 4. 下载依赖

1). 用Maven创建一个标准化的Java项目


~ D:\workspace\java>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes 
-DgroupId=org.conan.mymahout -DartifactId=myMahout -DpackageName=org.conan.mymahout -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT -DinteractiveMode=false

进入项目,执行mvn命令


~ D:\workspace\java>cd myMahout
~ D:\workspace\java\myMahout>mvn clean install

2). 导入项目到eclipse

我们创建好了一个基本的maven项目,然后导入到eclipse中。 这里我们最好已安装好了Maven的插件。

mahout-eclipse-folder

3). 增加mahout依赖,修改pom.xml

这里我使用hadoop-0.6版本,同时去掉对junit的依赖,修改文件:pom.xml


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.conan.mymahout</groupId>
<artifactId>myMahout</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>myMahout</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<mahout.version>0.6</mahout.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.mahout</groupId>
<artifactId>mahout-core</artifactId>
<version>${mahout.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.mahout</groupId>
<artifactId>mahout-integration</artifactId>
<version>${mahout.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.cassandra</groupId>
<artifactId>cassandra-all</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>me.prettyprint</groupId>
<artifactId>hector-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

4). 下载依赖

~ mvn clean install

在eclipse中刷新项目:

mahout-eclipse-package

项目的依赖程序,被自动加载的库路径下面。

4. 用Mahout实现协同过滤userCF

Mahout协同过滤UserCF深度算法剖析,请参考文章:用R解析Mahout用户推荐协同过滤算法(UserCF)

实现步骤:

  • 1. 准备数据文件: item.csv
  • 2. Java程序:UserCF.java
  • 3. 运行程序
  • 4. 推荐结果解读

1). 新建数据文件: item.csv


~ mkdir datafile
~ vi datafile/item.csv

1,101,5.0
1,102,3.0
1,103,2.5
2,101,2.0
2,102,2.5
2,103,5.0
2,104,2.0
3,101,2.5
3,104,4.0
3,105,4.5
3,107,5.0
4,101,5.0
4,103,3.0
4,104,4.5
4,106,4.0
5,101,4.0
5,102,3.0
5,103,2.0
5,104,4.0
5,105,3.5
5,106,4.0

数据解释:每一行有三列,第一列是用户ID,第二列是物品ID,第三列是用户对物品的打分。

2). Java程序:UserCF.java

Mahout协同过滤的数据流,调用过程。

mahout-recommendation-process

上图摘自:Mahout in Action

新建JAVA类:org.conan.mymahout.recommendation.UserCF.java


package org.conan.mymahout.recommendation;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.common.TasteException;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.impl.common.LongPrimitiveIterator;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.impl.model.file.FileDataModel;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.impl.neighborhood.NearestNUserNeighborhood;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.impl.recommender.GenericUserBasedRecommender;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.impl.similarity.EuclideanDistanceSimilarity;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.model.DataModel;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.recommender.RecommendedItem;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.recommender.Recommender;
import org.apache.mahout.cf.taste.similarity.UserSimilarity;

public class UserCF {

    final static int NEIGHBORHOOD_NUM = 2;
    final static int RECOMMENDER_NUM = 3;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TasteException {
        String file = "datafile/item.csv";
        DataModel model = new FileDataModel(new File(file));
        UserSimilarity user = new EuclideanDistanceSimilarity(model);
        NearestNUserNeighborhood neighbor = new NearestNUserNeighborhood(NEIGHBORHOOD_NUM, user, model);
        Recommender r = new GenericUserBasedRecommender(model, neighbor, user);
        LongPrimitiveIterator iter = model.getUserIDs();

        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            long uid = iter.nextLong();
            List list = r.recommend(uid, RECOMMENDER_NUM);
            System.out.printf("uid:%s", uid);
            for (RecommendedItem ritem : list) {
                System.out.printf("(%s,%f)", ritem.getItemID(), ritem.getValue());
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

3). 运行程序
控制台输出:


SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
uid:1(104,4.274336)(106,4.000000)
uid:2(105,4.055916)
uid:3(103,3.360987)(102,2.773169)
uid:4(102,3.000000)
uid:5

4). 推荐结果解读

  • 向用户ID1,推荐前二个最相关的物品, 104和106
  • 向用户ID2,推荐前二个最相关的物品, 但只有一个105
  • 向用户ID3,推荐前二个最相关的物品, 103和102
  • 向用户ID4,推荐前二个最相关的物品, 但只有一个102
  • 向用户ID5,推荐前二个最相关的物品, 没有符合的

5. 用Mahout实现kmeans

  • 1. 准备数据文件: randomData.csv
  • 2. Java程序:Kmeans.java
  • 3. 运行Java程序
  • 4. mahout结果解读
  • 5. 用R语言实现Kmeans算法
  • 6. 比较Mahout和R的结果

1). 准备数据文件: randomData.csv


~ vi datafile/randomData.csv

-0.883033363823402,-3.31967192630249
-2.39312626419456,3.34726861118871
2.66976353341256,1.85144276077058
-1.09922906899594,-6.06261735207489
-4.36361936997216,1.90509905380532
-0.00351835125495037,-0.610105996559153
-2.9962958796338,-3.60959839525735
-3.27529418132066,0.0230099799641799
2.17665594420569,6.77290756817957
-2.47862038335637,2.53431833167278
5.53654901906814,2.65089785582474
5.66257474538338,6.86783609641077
-0.558946883114376,1.22332819416237
5.11728525486132,3.74663871584768
1.91240516693351,2.95874731384062
-2.49747101306535,2.05006504756875
3.98781883213459,1.00780938946366

这里只截取了一部分,更多的数据请查看源代码。

注:我是通过R语言生成的randomData.csv


x1<-cbind(x=rnorm(400,1,3),y=rnorm(400,1,3))
x2<-cbind(x=rnorm(300,1,0.5),y=rnorm(300,0,0.5))
x3<-cbind(x=rnorm(300,0,0.1),y=rnorm(300,2,0.2))
x<-rbind(x1,x2,x3)
write.table(x,file="randomData.csv",sep=",",row.names=FALSE,col.names=FALSE)

2). Java程序:Kmeans.java

Mahout中kmeans方法的算法实现过程。

mahout-kmeans-process

上图摘自:Mahout in Action

新建JAVA类:org.conan.mymahout.cluster06.Kmeans.java


package org.conan.mymahout.cluster06;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.mahout.clustering.kmeans.Cluster;
import org.apache.mahout.clustering.kmeans.KMeansClusterer;
import org.apache.mahout.common.distance.EuclideanDistanceMeasure;
import org.apache.mahout.math.Vector;

public class Kmeans {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        List sampleData = MathUtil.readFileToVector("datafile/randomData.csv");

        int k = 3;
        double threshold = 0.01;

        List randomPoints = MathUtil.chooseRandomPoints(sampleData, k);
        for (Vector vector : randomPoints) {
            System.out.println("Init Point center: " + vector);
        }

        List clusters = new ArrayList();
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            clusters.add(new Cluster(randomPoints.get(i), i, new EuclideanDistanceMeasure()));
        }

        List<List> finalClusters = KMeansClusterer.clusterPoints(sampleData, clusters, new EuclideanDistanceMeasure(), k, threshold);
        for (Cluster cluster : finalClusters.get(finalClusters.size() - 1)) {
            System.out.println("Cluster id: " + cluster.getId() + " center: " + cluster.getCenter().asFormatString());
        }
    }

}

3). 运行Java程序
控制台输出:


Init Point center: {0:-0.162693685149196,1:2.19951550286862}
Init Point center: {0:-0.0409782183083317,1:2.09376666042057}
Init Point center: {0:0.158401778474687,1:2.37208412905273}
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Cluster id: 0 center: {0:-2.686856800552941,1:1.8939462954763795}
Cluster id: 1 center: {0:0.6334255423230666,1:0.49472852972602105}
Cluster id: 2 center: {0:3.334520309711998,1:3.2758355898247653}

4). mahout结果解读

  • 1. Init Point center表示,kmeans算法初始时的设置的3个中心点
  • 2. Cluster center表示,聚类后找到3个中心点

5). 用R语言实现Kmeans算法
接下来为了让结果更直观,我们再用R语言,进行kmeans实验,操作相同的数据。

R语言代码:


> y<-read.csv(file="randomData.csv",sep=",",header=FALSE) 
> cl<-kmeans(y,3,iter.max = 10, nstart = 25) 
> cl$centers
          V1         V2
1 -0.4323971  2.2852949
2  0.9023786 -0.7011153
3  4.3725463  2.4622609

# 生成聚类中心的图形
> plot(y, col=c("black","blue","green")[cl$cluster])
> points(cl$centers, col="red", pch = 19)

# 画出Mahout聚类的中心
> mahout<-matrix(c(-2.686856800552941,1.8939462954763795,0.6334255423230666,0.49472852972602105,3.334520309711998,3.2758355898247653),ncol=2,byrow=TRUE) 
> points(mahout, col="violetred", pch = 19)

聚类的效果图:
kmeans-center

6). 比较Mahout和R的结果
从上图中,我们看到有 黑,蓝,绿,三种颜色的空心点,这些点就是原始的数据。

3个红色实点,是R语言kmeans后生成的3个中心。
3个紫色实点,是Mahout的kmeans后生成的3个中心。

R语言和Mahout生成的点,并不是重合的,原因有几点:

  • 1. 距离算法不一样:
    Mahout中,我们用的 “欧氏距离(EuclideanDistanceMeasure)”
    R语言中,默认是”Hartigan and Wong”
  • 2. 初始化的中心是不一样的。
  • 3. 最大迭代次数是不一样的。
  • 4. 点合并时,判断的”阈值(threshold)”是不一样的。

6. 模板项目上传github

https://github.com/bsspirit/maven_mahout_template/tree/mahout-0.6

大家可以下载这个项目,做为开发的起点。

 
~ git clone https://github.com/bsspirit/maven_mahout_template
~ git checkout mahout-0.6

我们完成了第一步,下面就将正式进入mahout算法的开发实践,并且应用到hadoop集群的环境中。

下一篇:Mahout分步式程序开发 基于物品的协同过滤ItemCF

转载请注明出处:
http://blog.fens.me/hadoop-mahout-maven-eclipse/

打赏作者

用Maven构建Hadoop项目

Hadoop家族系列文章,主要介绍Hadoop家族产品,常用的项目包括Hadoop, Hive, Pig, HBase, Sqoop, Mahout, Zookeeper, Avro, Ambari, Chukwa,新增加的项目包括,YARN, Hcatalog, Oozie, Cassandra, Hama, Whirr, Flume, Bigtop, Crunch, Hue等。

从2011年开始,中国进入大数据风起云涌的时代,以Hadoop为代表的家族软件,占据了大数据处理的广阔地盘。开源界及厂商,所有数据软件,无一不向Hadoop靠拢。Hadoop也从小众的高富帅领域,变成了大数据开发的标准。在Hadoop原有技术基础之上,出现了Hadoop家族产品,通过“大数据”概念不断创新,推出科技进步。

作为IT界的开发人员,我们也要跟上节奏,抓住机遇,跟着Hadoop一起雄起!

关于作者:

  • 张丹(Conan), 程序员Java,R,PHP,Javascript
  • weibo:@Conan_Z
  • blog: http://blog.fens.me
  • email: bsspirit@gmail.com

转载请注明出处:
http://blog.fens.me/hadoop-maven-eclipse/

hadoop-maven

前言

Hadoop的MapReduce环境是一个复杂的编程环境,所以我们要尽可能地简化构建MapReduce项目的过程。Maven是一个很不错的自动化项目构建工具,通过Maven来帮助我们从复杂的环境配置中解脱出来,从而标准化开发过程。所以,写MapReduce之前,让我们先花点时间把刀磨快!!当然,除了Maven还有其他的选择Gradle(推荐), Ivy….

后面将会有介绍几篇MapReduce开发的文章,都要依赖于本文中Maven的构建的MapReduce环境。

目录

  1. Maven介绍
  2. Maven安装(win)
  3. Hadoop开发环境介绍
  4. 用Maven构建Hadoop环境
  5. MapReduce程序开发
  6. 模板项目上传github

1. Maven介绍

Apache Maven,是一个Java的项目管理及自动构建工具,由Apache软件基金会所提供。基于项目对象模型(缩写:POM)概念,Maven利用一个中央信息片断能管理一个项目的构建、报告和文档等步骤。曾是Jakarta项目的子项目,现为独立Apache项目。

maven的开发者在他们开发网站上指出,maven的目标是要使得项目的构建更加容易,它把编译、打包、测试、发布等开发过程中的不同环节有机的串联了起来,并产生一致的、高质量的项目信息,使得项目成员能够及时地得到反馈。maven有效地支持了测试优先、持续集成,体现了鼓励沟通,及时反馈的软件开发理念。如果说Ant的复用是建立在”拷贝–粘贴”的基础上的,那么Maven通过插件的机制实现了项目构建逻辑的真正复用。

2. Maven安装(win)

下载Maven:http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

下载最新的xxx-bin.zip文件,在win上解压到 D:\toolkit\maven3

并把maven/bin目录设置在环境变量PATH:

win7-maven

然后,打开命令行输入mvn,我们会看到mvn命令的运行效果


~ C:\Users\Administrator>mvn
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.086s
[INFO] Finished at: Mon Sep 30 18:26:58 CST 2013
[INFO] Final Memory: 2M/179M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] No goals have been specified for this build. You must specify a valid lifecycle phase or a goal in the format : or :[:]:. Available lifecycle phases are: validate, initialize, generate-sources, process-sources, generate-resources, process-resources, compile, process-class
es, generate-test-sources, process-test-sources, generate-test-resources, process-test-resources, test-compile, process-test-classes, test, prepare-package, package, pre-integration-test, integration-test, post-integration-test, verify, install, deploy, pre-clean, clean, post-clean, pre-site, site, post-site, site-deploy. -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/NoGoalSpecifiedException

安装Eclipse的Maven插件:Maven Integration for Eclipse

Maven的Eclipse插件配置

eclipse-maven

3. Hadoop开发环境介绍

hadoop-dev

如上图所示,我们可以选择在win中开发,也可以在linux中开发,本地启动Hadoop或者远程调用Hadoop,标配的工具都是Maven和Eclipse。

Hadoop集群系统环境:

  • Linux: Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS 64bit Server
  • Java: 1.6.0_29
  • Hadoop: hadoop-1.0.3,单节点,IP:192.168.1.210

4. 用Maven构建Hadoop环境

  • 1. 用Maven创建一个标准化的Java项目
  • 2. 导入项目到eclipse
  • 3. 增加hadoop依赖,修改pom.xml
  • 4. 下载依赖
  • 5. 从Hadoop集群环境下载hadoop配置文件
  • 6. 配置本地host

1). 用Maven创建一个标准化的Java项目


~ D:\workspace\java>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DgroupId=org.conan.myhadoop.mr
-DartifactId=myHadoop -DpackageName=org.conan.myhadoop.mr -Dversion=1.0-SNAPSHOT -DinteractiveMode=false
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:2.2:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:2.2:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom <<<
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:2.2:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] No archetype defined. Using maven-archetype-quickstart (org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.
0)
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-quickstart/1.0/maven-archet
ype-quickstart-1.0.jar
Downloaded: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-quickstart/1.0/maven-archety
pe-quickstart-1.0.jar (5 KB at 4.3 KB/sec)
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-quickstart/1.0/maven-archet
ype-quickstart-1.0.pom
Downloaded: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-quickstart/1.0/maven-archety
pe-quickstart-1.0.pom (703 B at 1.6 KB/sec)
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: org.conan.myhadoop.mr
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: org.conan.myhadoop.mr
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: org.conan.myhadoop.mr
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: myHadoop
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: D:\workspace\java
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: D:\workspace\java\myHadoop
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 8.896s
[INFO] Finished at: Sun Sep 29 20:57:07 CST 2013
[INFO] Final Memory: 9M/179M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

进入项目,执行mvn命令


~ D:\workspace\java>cd myHadoop
~ D:\workspace\java\myHadoop>mvn clean install
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.3.2:jar (default-jar) @ myHadoop ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\workspace\java\myHadoop\target\myHadoop-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.3.1:install (default-install) @ myHadoop ---
[INFO] Installing D:\workspace\java\myHadoop\target\myHadoop-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\o
rg\conan\myhadoop\mr\myHadoop\1.0-SNAPSHOT\myHadoop-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\workspace\java\myHadoop\pom.xml to C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\conan\myhadoop\mr\myHa
doop\1.0-SNAPSHOT\myHadoop-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.348s
[INFO] Finished at: Sun Sep 29 20:58:43 CST 2013
[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/179M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2). 导入项目到eclipse

我们创建好了一个基本的maven项目,然后导入到eclipse中。 这里我们最好已安装好了Maven的插件。

hadoop-eclipse

3). 增加hadoop依赖

这里我使用hadoop-1.0.3版本,修改文件:pom.xml


~ vi pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.conan.myhadoop.mr</groupId>
<artifactId>myHadoop</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>myHadoop</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-core</artifactId>
<version>1.0.3</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

4). 下载依赖

下载依赖:

~ mvn clean install

在eclipse中刷新项目:

hadoop-eclipse-maven

项目的依赖程序,被自动加载的库路径下面。

5). 从Hadoop集群环境下载hadoop配置文件

    • core-site.xml
    • hdfs-site.xml
    • mapred-site.xml

查看core-site.xml


<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://master:9000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/conan/hadoop/tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>io.sort.mb</name>
<value>256</value>
</property>
</configuration>

查看hdfs-site.xml


<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dir</name>
<value>/home/conan/hadoop/data</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permissions</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>

查看mapred-site.xml


<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>hdfs://master:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>

保存在src/main/resources/hadoop目录下面

hadoop-config

删除原自动生成的文件:App.java和AppTest.java

6).配置本地host,增加master的域名指向


~ vi c:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts

192.168.1.210 master

6. MapReduce程序开发

编写一个简单的MapReduce程序,实现wordcount功能。

新一个Java文件:WordCount.java


package org.conan.myhadoop.mr;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapReduceBase;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.OutputCollector;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextOutputFormat;

public class WordCount {

    public static class WordCountMapper extends MapReduceBase implements Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
        private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
        private Text word = new Text();

        @Override
        public void map(Object key, Text value, OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter) throws IOException {
            StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
            while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
                word.set(itr.nextToken());
                output.collect(word, one);
            }

        }
    }

    public static class WordCountReducer extends MapReduceBase implements Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
        private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();

        @Override
        public void reduce(Text key, Iterator values, OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter) throws IOException {
            int sum = 0;
            while (values.hasNext()) {
                sum += values.next().get();
            }
            result.set(sum);
            output.collect(key, result);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String input = "hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account";
        String output = "hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/result";

        JobConf conf = new JobConf(WordCount.class);
        conf.setJobName("WordCount");
        conf.addResource("classpath:/hadoop/core-site.xml");
        conf.addResource("classpath:/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml");
        conf.addResource("classpath:/hadoop/mapred-site.xml");

        conf.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        conf.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

        conf.setMapperClass(WordCountMapper.class);
        conf.setCombinerClass(WordCountReducer.class);
        conf.setReducerClass(WordCountReducer.class);

        conf.setInputFormat(TextInputFormat.class);
        conf.setOutputFormat(TextOutputFormat.class);

        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path(input));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(output));

        JobClient.runJob(conf);
        System.exit(0);
    }

}

启动Java APP.

控制台错误


2013-9-30 19:25:02 org.apache.hadoop.util.NativeCodeLoader 
警告: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
2013-9-30 19:25:02 org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation doAs
严重: PriviledgedActionException as:Administrator cause:java.io.IOException: Failed to set permissions of path: \tmp\hadoop-Administrator\mapred\staging\Administrator1702422322\.staging to 0700
Exception in thread "main" java.io.IOException: Failed to set permissions of path: \tmp\hadoop-Administrator\mapred\staging\Administrator1702422322\.staging to 0700
	at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileUtil.checkReturnValue(FileUtil.java:689)
	at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileUtil.setPermission(FileUtil.java:662)
	at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.setPermission(RawLocalFileSystem.java:509)
	at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.mkdirs(RawLocalFileSystem.java:344)
	at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.mkdirs(FilterFileSystem.java:189)
	at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmissionFiles.getStagingDir(JobSubmissionFiles.java:116)
	at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$2.run(JobClient.java:856)
	at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient$2.run(JobClient.java:850)
	at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
	at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:396)
	at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1121)
	at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJobInternal(JobClient.java:850)
	at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.submitJob(JobClient.java:824)
	at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient.runJob(JobClient.java:1261)
	at org.conan.myhadoop.mr.WordCount.main(WordCount.java:78)

这个错误是win中开发特有的错误,文件权限问题,在Linux下可以正常运行。

解决方法是,修改/hadoop-1.0.3/src/core/org/apache/hadoop/fs/FileUtil.java文件

688-692行注释,然后重新编译源代码,重新打一个hadoop.jar的包。


685 private static void checkReturnValue(boolean rv, File p,
686                                        FsPermission permission
687                                        ) throws IOException {
688     /*if (!rv) {
689       throw new IOException("Failed to set permissions of path: " + p +
690                             " to " +
691                             String.format("%04o", permission.toShort()));
692     }*/
693   }

我这里自己打了一个hadoop-core-1.0.3.jar包,放到了lib下面。

我们还要替换maven中的hadoop类库。


~ cp lib/hadoop-core-1.0.3.jar C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hadoop\hadoop-core\1.0.3\hadoop-core-1.0.3.jar

再次启动Java APP,控制台输出:


2013-9-30 19:50:49 org.apache.hadoop.util.NativeCodeLoader 
警告: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
2013-9-30 19:50:49 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient copyAndConfigureFiles
警告: Use GenericOptionsParser for parsing the arguments. Applications should implement Tool for the same.
2013-9-30 19:50:49 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient copyAndConfigureFiles
警告: No job jar file set.  User classes may not be found. See JobConf(Class) or JobConf#setJar(String).
2013-9-30 19:50:49 org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.snappy.LoadSnappy 
警告: Snappy native library not loaded
2013-9-30 19:50:49 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat listStatus
信息: Total input paths to process : 4
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient monitorAndPrintJob
信息: Running job: job_local_0001
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task initialize
信息:  Using ResourceCalculatorPlugin : null
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask runOldMapper
信息: numReduceTasks: 1
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: io.sort.mb = 100
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: data buffer = 79691776/99614720
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: record buffer = 262144/327680
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer flush
信息: Starting flush of map output
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer sortAndSpill
信息: Finished spill 0
2013-9-30 19:50:50 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task done
信息: Task:attempt_local_0001_m_000000_0 is done. And is in the process of commiting
2013-9-30 19:50:51 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient monitorAndPrintJob
信息:  map 0% reduce 0%
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/part-m-00003:0+119
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task sendDone
信息: Task 'attempt_local_0001_m_000000_0' done.
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task initialize
信息:  Using ResourceCalculatorPlugin : null
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask runOldMapper
信息: numReduceTasks: 1
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: io.sort.mb = 100
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: data buffer = 79691776/99614720
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: record buffer = 262144/327680
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer flush
信息: Starting flush of map output
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer sortAndSpill
信息: Finished spill 0
2013-9-30 19:50:53 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task done
信息: Task:attempt_local_0001_m_000001_0 is done. And is in the process of commiting
2013-9-30 19:50:54 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient monitorAndPrintJob
信息:  map 100% reduce 0%
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/part-m-00000:0+113
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task sendDone
信息: Task 'attempt_local_0001_m_000001_0' done.
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task initialize
信息:  Using ResourceCalculatorPlugin : null
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask runOldMapper
信息: numReduceTasks: 1
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: io.sort.mb = 100
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: data buffer = 79691776/99614720
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: record buffer = 262144/327680
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer flush
信息: Starting flush of map output
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer sortAndSpill
信息: Finished spill 0
2013-9-30 19:50:56 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task done
信息: Task:attempt_local_0001_m_000002_0 is done. And is in the process of commiting
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/part-m-00001:0+110
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/part-m-00001:0+110
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task sendDone
信息: Task 'attempt_local_0001_m_000002_0' done.
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task initialize
信息:  Using ResourceCalculatorPlugin : null
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask runOldMapper
信息: numReduceTasks: 1
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: io.sort.mb = 100
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: data buffer = 79691776/99614720
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer 
信息: record buffer = 262144/327680
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer flush
信息: Starting flush of map output
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask$MapOutputBuffer sortAndSpill
信息: Finished spill 0
2013-9-30 19:50:59 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task done
信息: Task:attempt_local_0001_m_000003_0 is done. And is in the process of commiting
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/part-m-00002:0+79
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task sendDone
信息: Task 'attempt_local_0001_m_000003_0' done.
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task initialize
信息:  Using ResourceCalculatorPlugin : null
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: 
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Merger$MergeQueue merge
信息: Merging 4 sorted segments
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Merger$MergeQueue merge
信息: Down to the last merge-pass, with 4 segments left of total size: 442 bytes
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: 
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task done
信息: Task:attempt_local_0001_r_000000_0 is done. And is in the process of commiting
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: 
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task commit
信息: Task attempt_local_0001_r_000000_0 is allowed to commit now
2013-9-30 19:51:02 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileOutputCommitter commitTask
信息: Saved output of task 'attempt_local_0001_r_000000_0' to hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/result
2013-9-30 19:51:05 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LocalJobRunner$Job statusUpdate
信息: reduce > reduce
2013-9-30 19:51:05 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task sendDone
信息: Task 'attempt_local_0001_r_000000_0' done.
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient monitorAndPrintJob
信息:  map 100% reduce 100%
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient monitorAndPrintJob
信息: Job complete: job_local_0001
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息: Counters: 20
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:   File Input Format Counters 
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Bytes Read=421
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:   File Output Format Counters 
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Bytes Written=348
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:   FileSystemCounters
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     FILE_BYTES_READ=7377
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     HDFS_BYTES_READ=1535
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=209510
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     HDFS_BYTES_WRITTEN=348
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:   Map-Reduce Framework
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Map output materialized bytes=458
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Map input records=11
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Reduce shuffle bytes=0
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Spilled Records=30
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Map output bytes=509
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Total committed heap usage (bytes)=1838546944
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Map input bytes=421
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     SPLIT_RAW_BYTES=452
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Combine input records=22
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Reduce input records=15
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Reduce input groups=13
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Combine output records=15
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Reduce output records=13
2013-9-30 19:51:06 org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Counters log
信息:     Map output records=22

成功运行了wordcount程序,通过命令我们查看输出结果


~ hadoop fs -ls hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/result

Found 2 items
-rw-r--r--   3 Administrator supergroup          0 2013-09-30 19:51 /user/hdfs/o_t_account/result/_SUCCESS
-rw-r--r--   3 Administrator supergroup        348 2013-09-30 19:51 /user/hdfs/o_t_account/result/part-00000

~ hadoop fs -cat hdfs://192.168.1.210:9000/user/hdfs/o_t_account/result/part-00000

1,abc@163.com,2013-04-22        1
10,ade121@sohu.com,2013-04-23   1
11,addde@sohu.com,2013-04-23    1
17:21:24.0      5
2,dedac@163.com,2013-04-22      1
20:21:39.0      6
3,qq8fed@163.com,2013-04-22     1
4,qw1@163.com,2013-04-22        1
5,af3d@163.com,2013-04-22       1
6,ab34@163.com,2013-04-22       1
7,q8d1@gmail.com,2013-04-23     1
8,conan@gmail.com,2013-04-23    1
9,adeg@sohu.com,2013-04-23      1

这样,我们就实现了在win7中的开发,通过Maven构建Hadoop依赖环境,在Eclipse中开发MapReduce的程序,然后运行JavaAPP。Hadoop应用会自动把我们的MR程序打成jar包,再上传的远程的hadoop环境中运行,返回日志在Eclipse控制台输出。

7. 模板项目上传github

https://github.com/bsspirit/maven_hadoop_template

大家可以下载这个项目,做为开发的起点。

~ git clone https://github.com/bsspirit/maven_hadoop_template.git

我们完成第一步,下面就将正式进入MapReduce开发实践。

 

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