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Posted:
Jun 26, 2018
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以太坊测试区块链环境搭建

比特币吸金之道系列文章，由计算机黑客发明的网络货币，无国界，无政府，无中心。没有政府滥发货币，没有通货膨胀。在全球计算机网络中，自由的实现货币兑换和流通。

本系列文章只讲程序和策略，不谈挖矿…

关于作者：

  • 张丹(Conan), 程序员/Quant: Java,R,Nodejs
  • blog: http://blog.fens.me
  • email: bsspirit@gmail.com

转载请注明出处：
http://blog.fens.me/bitcoin-geth-testnet

前言

以太坊(ETH)的出现开启了区块链的2.0时代，要进行ETH的开发和测试，我们先要搭建起来ETH的测试区块链网络。在测试环境中，我们可以直接通过参数配置，生成创世区块，设置挖矿难度，设置gas消耗，执行转账交易，定义智能合约等的操作。

目录

  1. 搭建测试区块链
  2. 开发挖矿
  3. 第一笔转账
  4. 多节点网络

1. 搭建测试区块链

由于在以太坊公链上做任何操作，都需要消耗以太币(eth)，对于开发者来说，很有必要在本地自行搭建一个测试区块链网络，进行智能合约的开发，最后再将开发好的合约部署到公链上。私有区块链不同于以太坊公链，给我们很多的自由度，直接可能通过参数配置，生成创世区块，设置挖矿难度，设置gas消耗，执行转账交易，定义智能合约等的操作，这些都需要我们手动进行设置。

私有区块链的搭建，也是基于geth客户端来完成的，geth的安装过程，请参考文章 geth以太坊节点安装。

下面，我们就用geth客户端，开始搭建测试区块链。创建测试节点的文件存储目录。


> mkdir /data0/eth-test/
> cd /data0/eth-test/

新建配置文件genesis.json


> vi genesis.json
{
 "nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
 "timestamp": "0x0",
 "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 "extraData": "0x",
 "gasLimit": "0x80000000",
 "difficulty": "0x3",
 "coinbase": "0x3333333333333333333333333333333333333333",
 "config":{
    "chainId": 55,
    "homesteadBlock": 0,
    "eip155Block": 0
 },
 "alloc": {}
}

参数设置：

  • nonce：64位随机数，用于挖矿
  • timestamp：创世块的时间戳
  • parentHash：上一个区块的hash值，因为是创世块，所以这个值是0
  • mixhash：与 nonce 配合用于挖矿，由上一个区块的一部分生成的 hash。
  • extraData：附加信息，任意填写
  • gasLimit ：对GAS的消耗总量限制，用来限制区块能包含的交易信息总和，因为我们就测试链，所以随意填写。
  • difficulty：难度值，越大越难
  • coinbase：矿工账号，第一个区块挖出后将给这个矿工账号发送奖励的以太币。
  • alloc： 预设账号以及账号的以太币数量，测试链挖矿比较容易可以不配置
  • chainId 指定了独立的区块链网络 ID，不同 ID 网络的节点无法互相连接。

初始化区块链，生成创世区块和初始状态。


> geth --datadir=/data0/eth-test init /data0/eth-test/genesis.json
INFO [06-26|08:10:32.943749] Maximum peer count                       ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
INFO [06-26|08:10:32.944172] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data0/eth-test/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [06-26|08:10:32.989586] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=0 size=0.00B time=3.877µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [06-26|08:10:32.989983] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=chaindata                      hash=4a306e…543a63
INFO [06-26|08:10:32.990028] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data0/eth-test/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [06-26|08:10:33.036685] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=0 size=0.00B time=3.258µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [06-26|08:10:33.037027] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=lightchaindata                      hash=4a306e…543a63

运行日志，包括了允许最大点对点连接当前节点数为total=25，普通节点连接数ETH=25，LES轻节点连接数0。数据库存储的目录在 /data0/eth-test/geth/chaindata ，当前存活的节点 livenodes=1。

参数说明

  • datadir, 设置当前区块链网络数据存放的位置
  • init，初始化，生成创世区块

接下来，启动测试节点，并进入 geth 命令行界面。


> geth --identity "TestNode" --rpc --rpcport "8545" --datadir=/data0/eth-test --port "30303" --nodiscover console
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.916738] Maximum peer count                       ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.918148] Starting peer-to-peer node               instance=Geth/TestNode/v1.8.12-unstable-f1986f86/linux-amd64/go1.10.3
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.918235] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data0/eth-test/geth/chaindata cache=768 handles=512
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.979836] Initialised chain configuration          config="{ChainID: 55 Homestead: 0 DAO:  DAOSupport: false EIP150:  EIP155: 0 EIP158:  Byzantium:  Constantinople:  Engine: unknown}"
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.979915] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches   dir=/data0/eth-test/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.979943] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs     dir=/root/.ethash               count=2
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.980023] Initialising Ethereum protocol           versions="[63 62]" network=1
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.980566] Loaded most recent local header          number=0 hash=4a306e…543a63 td=3
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.980634] Loaded most recent local full block      number=0 hash=4a306e…543a63 td=3
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.980662] Loaded most recent local fast block      number=0 hash=4a306e…543a63 td=3
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.980842] Regenerated local transaction journal    transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.981818] Starting P2P networking 
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.982303] RLPx listener up                         self="enode://15653a443e91b04040fe2731e0a0fa556a1d050580fa587110b17460cf471a8c3b42ac08dbc3d84a404f8c102ae35b28d9e2c1b9f2eae4c828a0dfa21c1f2117@[::]:30303?discport=0"
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.985029] IPC endpoint opened                      url=/data0/eth-test/geth.ipc
INFO [06-26|08:14:00.985503] HTTP endpoint opened                     url=http://127.0.0.1:8545    cors= vhosts=localhost
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/TestNode/v1.8.12-unstable-f1986f86/linux-amd64/go1.10.3
 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

>
  • identity, 自定义的节点名字
  • rpc , 允许 HTTP-RPC 访问
  • rpcport , HTTP_RPC的访问端口，默认为8545
  • port , 网络监听端口，默认为30303
  • datadir, 设置当前区块链网络数据存放的位置
  • console, 启动命令行模式，可以在Geth中执行命令
  • nodiscover, 私有链地址，不会被网上看到

这样我们就把一个测试网络启动起来了，由于是单节点，网络没有其他的节点，所以并没有直接的数据输出。

2. 开始挖矿

接下来，我们在自己搭建的私有网络中，开始做常规ETH的操作。

2.1 创建账号

创建一个新账号，密码为123456，账号的地址为：0x9cac40f650e2cbe459dcb32c7c23103497134467。


> personal.newAccount("123456")
"0x9cac40f650e2cbe459dcb32c7c23103497134467"

另一种方式，生成一个新账号。


> personal.newAccount()
Passphrase: 
Repeat passphrase: 
"0x762a2e28c5dbab9cd31369db5f3cbb48f421c0e3"

查看所有账号


> eth.accounts
["0x9cac40f650e2cbe459dcb32c7c23103497134467", "0x762a2e28c5dbab9cd31369db5f3cbb48f421c0e3"]

2.2 挖矿

接下来，我们开始挖矿。挖矿，就是产生以太币的过程。之前在genesis.json文件中，设置的difficulty=3，挖矿难比较低，很快就是挖出以太币来。


# 开始挖矿
> miner.start(1)
INFO [06-26|08:19:58.086688] Updated mining threads                   threads=1
INFO [06-26|08:19:58.086828] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=18000000000

# 矿工账号：如果有多个账户的情况下，挖矿获得的eth，会自动计入第一账户中。
INFO [06-26|08:19:58.086887] Etherbase automatically configured       address=0x9cac40F650E2CBE459dcb32c7c23103497134467   
INFO [06-26|08:19:58.087015] Starting mining operation 

# 开始探索新区块，没有交易内容
INFO [06-26|08:19:58.087793] Commit new mining work                   number=1 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=659.441µs            

# 成功发现新区块
INFO [06-26|08:19:58.451612] Successfully sealed new block            number=1 hash=c120d3…23dad2                          

#  确认挖到新区块
INFO [06-26|08:19:58.452182] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=1 hash=c120d3…23dad2                      
INFO [06-26|08:19:58.45237] Commit new mining work                   number=2 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=165.519µs
INFO [06-26|08:20:00.683558] Successfully sealed new block            number=2 hash=011b1c…100594
INFO [06-26|08:20:00.68399] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=2 hash=011b1c…100594
INFO [06-26|08:20:00.684181] Commit new mining work                   number=3 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=111.601µs
INFO [06-26|08:20:09.965339] Successfully sealed new block            number=3 hash=173ea5…c059ef
INFO [06-26|08:20:09.965789] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=3 hash=173ea5…c059ef
INFO [06-26|08:20:09.966091] Commit new mining work                   number=4 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=246.371µs
INFO [06-26|08:20:11.622999] Successfully sealed new block            number=4 hash=56240d…0910a3

// 省略

INFO [06-26|08:20:16.264066] Commit new mining work                   number=10 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=155.89µs
INFO [06-26|08:20:16.466436] Successfully sealed new block            number=10 hash=819037…fbcd88
INFO [06-26|08:20:16.466774] 🔗 block reached canonical chain          number=5  hash=7f1015…f53c57
INFO [06-26|08:20:16.466794] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=10 hash=819037…fbcd88
INFO [06-26|08:20:16.466965] Commit new mining work                   number=11 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=92.726µs

# 停止挖矿
> miner.stop()
true

开始挖了几秒，就产生了10个区块。查看账户资金为50000000000000000000 wei。第一个账户为矿工账号，第二个账户是一个普通账号。


> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
50000000000000000000
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])
0

由于Wei是最小的单位，我们把Wei转换为ether为单位，比较好看，就是为 50 ether = 50000000000000000000/10^18


> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]), "ether")
50

转换单位

  • Wei = 10^0 Wei
  • Ada = 10^3 Wei
  • Babbage = 10^6 Wei
  • Shannon = 10^9 Weiv
  • Szabo = 10^12 Wei
  • Finney = 10^15 Wei
  • Ether = 10^18 Wei
  • Einstein = 10^21 Wei
  • Douglas = 10^42 Wei

2.3 查看区块高度

下一步，我们查看一下区块高度，并分析一下区块的细节。


# 查看区块高度
> eth.blockNumber
10

# 查看第10个区块的细节
> eth.getBlock(10)
{
  difficulty: 131648,
  extraData: "0xd88301080c846765746888676f312e31302e33856c696e7578",
  gasLimit: 2126604064,
  gasUsed: 0,
  hash: "0x819037bcc65eb789eca82fcc3d6c686852ab8297df6396cffa6cfffeaffbcd88",
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  miner: "0x9cac40f650e2cbe459dcb32c7c23103497134467",
  mixHash: "0x311cd5ef45d9295d8c1b1b8778fb05b0e49dc6cae5971763c2e2d7e3d20bd895",
  nonce: "0x0b1aae8070cdff77",
  number: 10,
  parentHash: "0x1c5609a70d36a460234b95116fcc391e49890c5082af41d8cba3b5b366aa0028",
  receiptsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
  sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  size: 537,
  stateRoot: "0x0917e990c98b3daf316d0d38a4a2eefd0ad30436bab8ae61adb1ca24723eea81",
  timestamp: 1529972416,
  totalDifficulty: 1313603,
  transactions: [],
  transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
  uncles: []
}

第10个区块为当前的最后一个区块，挖矿难度difficulty=131648，没有交易gasUsed=0，当前块的hash值hash: “0x819037bcc65eb789eca82fcc3d6c686852ab8297df6396cffa6cfffeaffbcd88”,，上一个块的地址parentHash: “0x819037bcc65eb789eca82fcc3d6c686852ab8297df6396cffa6cfffeaffbcd88”,矿工账号miner: “0x9cac40f650e2cbe459dcb32c7c23103497134467”,区块高度number=10。

3. 第一笔转账

接下来，让我完成第一笔转账。从矿工账号转账30ether到第二个账号。


> eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1],value:web3.toWei(30,"ether")})
Error: authentication needed: password or unlock
    at web3.js:3143:20
    at web3.js:6347:15
    at web3.js:5081:36
    at :1:1

第一次，执行转账操作时，出现错误。需要把转输eth的账号进行解锁，才能转账。


# 解锁账号
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])
Unlock account 0x9cac40f650e2cbe459dcb32c7c23103497134467
Passphrase: 
true

# 再次转账
> eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1],value:web3.toWei(30,"ether")})
INFO [06-26|08:26:44.060461] Submitted transaction                    fullhash=0x8d6d1eb3c1c82be1f419d8f772048644361c41362fd8de27f8252470f975d6bb recipient=0x762A2e28C5DbaB9cD31369DB5f3CBB48f421C0E3
"0x8d6d1eb3c1c82be1f419d8f772048644361c41362fd8de27f8252470f975d6bb"

交易日志，交易的hash值fullhash=0x8d6d1eb3c1c82be1f419d8f772048644361c41362fd8de27f8252470f975d6bb，收款账号recipient=0x762A2e28C5DbaB9cD31369DB5f3CBB48f421C0E3。

我们提交了第一笔的转账，查看2个账户的余额。


> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
50000000000000000000
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])
0

账户的余额并没有发生变化，这是因为基于区块链的转账操作需要矿工确认才能完成，矿工确认的过程是要经过挖矿的。我们的转账的操作的任务已经提交，但是交易并未完成，还需要矿工挖矿提交新的区块，在区块中加入这次转账交易，提交新的区块全网的节点（按百分比算，具体还没细看源代码）确认完成后，交易才正式生效。

由于链上只有我们自己，我们要重新开起挖矿程序。


# 开始挖矿
> miner.start(1)
INFO [06-26|08:27:24.712255] Updated mining threads                   threads=1
INFO [06-26|08:27:24.712434] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=18000000000
INFO [06-26|08:27:24.712617] Starting mining operation 

# 探索新的区块，包含一个操作信息txs=1
INFO [06-26|08:27:24.713512] Commit new mining work                   number=11 txs=1 uncles=0 elapsed=808.72µs
INFO [06-26|08:27:27.638518] Successfully sealed new block            number=11 hash=68495b…35d4fe
INFO [06-26|08:27:27.638986] 🔗 block reached canonical chain          number=6  hash=3617e8…0dd7f5
INFO [06-26|08:27:27.639006] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=11 hash=68495b…35d4fe
INFO [06-26|08:27:27.639245] Commit new mining work                   number=12 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=227.705µs
INFO [06-26|08:27:28.199602] Successfully sealed new block            number=12 hash=96fd37…37c016
INFO [06-26|08:27:28.199963] 🔗 block reached canonical chain          number=7  hash=a8d6d5…e6036d
INFO [06-26|08:27:28.19998] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=12 hash=96fd37…37c016
INFO [06-26|08:27:28.200427] Commit new mining work                   number=13 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=276.033µs
INFO [06-26|08:27:29.766971] Successfully sealed new block            number=13 hash=a13201…c051c8
INFO [06-26|08:27:29.767429] 🔗 block reached canonical chain          number=8  hash=16222d…7a9445
INFO [06-26|08:27:29.767447] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=13 hash=a13201…c051c8
INFO [06-26|08:27:29.767572] Commit new mining work                   number=14 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=110.439µs
INFO [06-26|08:27:30.302882] Successfully sealed new block            number=14 hash=e1ab15…e44665
INFO [06-26|08:27:30.303213] 🔗 block reached canonical chain          number=9  hash=1c5609…aa0028
INFO [06-26|08:27:30.303243] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=14 hash=e1ab15…e44665
INFO [06-26|08:27:30.303471] Commit new mining work                   number=15 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=114.85µs
INFO [06-26|08:27:35.685475] Successfully sealed new block            number=15 hash=e1b5a4…1bab9e
INFO [06-26|08:27:35.686032] 🔗 block reached canonical chain          number=10 hash=819037…fbcd88
INFO [06-26|08:27:35.686146] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=15 hash=e1b5a4…1bab9e
INFO [06-26|08:27:35.686523] Commit new mining work                   number=16 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=294.263µs

# 停止挖矿
> miner.stop()
true

在高度number=11的区块上，我们发现了有一笔转账信息。再次，查看账户余额，发现账户余额发生了变化。


> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
45000000000000000000
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])
30000000000000000000

第一个账户变成了 45 ether，第二个账号变成了30 ether。第二个账户余额，正是我们之前设定的转账金额。


# 查看当前块的高度
> eth.blockNumber
15

# 第11个区块的细节
> eth.getBlock(11)
  difficulty: 131072,
  extraData: "0xd88301080c846765746888676f312e31302e33856c696e7578",
  gasLimit: 2124527304,
  gasUsed: 21000,
  hash: "0x68495bf329e886a8043d1af74d145a870ae6aa2d4e42134499b3730e5c35d4fe",
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  miner: "0x9cac40f650e2cbe459dcb32c7c23103497134467",
  mixHash: "0xbbf5053e0409cded11f0c8f1059cad389d366723cb2f6c077d6c71c36d31a254",
  nonce: "0x3cc35610dc92f143",
  number: 11,
  parentHash: "0x819037bcc65eb789eca82fcc3d6c686852ab8297df6396cffa6cfffeaffbcd88",
  receiptsRoot: "0x170861bbc9f17f29b4c8ef046f44fa7435c3ad3a54e752591c87050345c29d31",
  sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  size: 653,
  stateRoot: "0x6e44fbe836ebf62523a37bbbb1beaad0c0802be9ff5c4e7b19c16a1eb4c50112",
  timestamp: 1529972844,
  totalDifficulty: 1444675,
  transactions: ["0x8d6d1eb3c1c82be1f419d8f772048644361c41362fd8de27f8252470f975d6bb"],
  transactionsRoot: "0x98881bb99ed82df9a69726705fb2ac2d1371e9ba992c52ed3b4cd3ee50762d38",
  uncles: []
}

第11个区块发生了交易，消耗的gas手续费为gasUsed=21000 Wei，交易一共发生1笔transactions=0x8d6d1eb3c1c82be1f419d8f772048644361c41362fd8de27f8252470f975d6bb，矿工账号miner: “0x9cac40f650e2cbe459dcb32c7c23103497134467″。

总结一下，本文介绍了如何搭建以太坊的私有节点，实现了挖矿的过程，并完了2个账户的第一笔转账操作。下一篇文章，找我了解智能合约的编写。

转载请注明出处：
http://blog.fens.me/bitcoin-geth-testnet

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Posted:
Jun 20, 2018
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geth以太坊节点安装

比特币吸金之道系列文章，由计算机黑客发明的网络货币，无国界，无政府，无中心。没有政府滥发货币，没有通货膨胀。在全球计算机网络中，自由的实现货币兑换和流通。

本系列文章只讲程序和策略，不谈挖矿…

关于作者：

  • 张丹(Conan), 程序员/Quant: Java,R,Nodejs
  • blog: http://blog.fens.me
  • email: bsspirit@gmail.com

转载请注明出处：
http://blog.fens.me/bitcoin-install-geth

前言

以太坊(ETH)的出现开启了区块链的2.0时代，为了获得数据，最直接的方法就是搭建一个以太坊的客户端，直接从以太坊的公链上面同步账本获得数据。通过安装和运行geth，可以连接到以太坊的公链的实时网络，并进行以下操作，包括 挖掘真的以太币，在不同地址间转移资金，创建合约发送交易，探索区块历史等。

那么，让我们从搭建geth客户端节点开始吧。如果你想知道，如何使用比特币的客户端 bitcoin 获得数据，请参考文章 bitcoin比特币节点安装

目录

  1. geth安装过程
  2. 启动geth的节点

1. geth安装过程

go-ethereum客户端通常被称为geth，它是个命令行界面，执行在Go语言的运行时环境上，实现了完整以太坊节点。以太坊的官方网站地址为：https://ethereum.github.io/go-ethereum/。

1.1 go的运行环境安装

由于geth是go语言开发的，在安装geth客户端之前，我们要先把go的运行环境装好。go语言的在Ubuntu的详细安装方法，请参考文章go语言安装。

下面列出go语言的简单的安装过程脚本：


# 下载最新的go包
> wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 将下载的源码包解压至 /usr/local目录。
> tar -C /usr/local/ -xvf go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

> 将 /usr/local/go/bin 目录添加至PATH环境变量
> export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin

# 运行go的命令
> go
Go is a tool for managing Go source code.

Usage:

	go command [arguments]

The commands are:

	build       compile packages and dependencies
	clean       remove object files and cached files
	doc         show documentation for package or symbol
	env         print Go environment information
	bug         start a bug report
	fix         update packages to use new APIs
	fmt         gofmt (reformat) package sources
	generate    generate Go files by processing source
	get         download and install packages and dependencies
	install     compile and install packages and dependencies
	list        list packages
	run         compile and run Go program
	test        test packages
	tool        run specified go tool
	version     print Go version
	vet         report likely mistakes in packages

Use "go help [command]" for more information about a command.

Additional help topics:

	c           calling between Go and C
	buildmode   build modes
	cache       build and test caching
	filetype    file types
	gopath      GOPATH environment variable
	environment environment variables
	importpath  import path syntax
	packages    package lists
	testflag    testing flags
	testfunc    testing functions

Use "go help [topic]" for more information about that topic.

这样go的运行环境，就安装好了。

1.2 geth客户端安装

从源代码安装geth客户端的操作过程，分为以下3步：

  1. 从github下载代码库
  2. 编译geth客户端
  3. 验证geth客户端

接下来，我们就一步一步的进行操作。本文使用的Linux系统环境为：Linux Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64bit。

1.2.1 先从geth的官方github下载代码库。

安装git的过程，就不再多说了，只需要一条命令apt install git就行了。


> git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git
> cd go-ethereum

1.2.2 编译geth客户端


> make geth
build/env.sh go run build/ci.go install ./cmd/geth
>>> /usr/local/go/bin/go install -ldflags -X main.gitCommit=f1986f86f2229ea5ff587c65c9229a65f40bf591 -v ./cmd/geth
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/simplelru
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/net/html/atom
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/internal/identifier

// 省略

github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/les
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethstats
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/geth
Done building.
Run "/root/go-ethereum/build/bin/geth" to launch geth.

把geth的目录，加入环境变量中。


# 将 /root/go-ethereum/build/bin 目录添加至PATH环境变量
> export PATH=$PATH:/root/go-ethereum/build/bin

1.2.3 验证geth客户端安装成功

检查geth是否安装成功，通过运行geth客户端，查看版本。


> geth version
Geth
Version: 1.8.12-unstable
Git Commit: f1986f86f2229ea5ff587c65c9229a65f40bf591
Architecture: amd64
Protocol Versions: [63 62]
Network Id: 1
Go Version: go1.10.3
Operating System: linux
GOPATH=
GOROOT=/usr/local/go

这样就完成了，geth的客户端的安装。

2. 启动geth节点

安装好后，我们就可以启动geth客户端程序了，我们可以先启动以太坊公链的测试网络，增加命令行参数–testnet。


# 测试网络中启动geth
> geth --testnet console
INFO [06-20|17:15:04.991843] Maximum peer count                       ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
INFO [06-20|17:15:04.993534] Starting peer-to-peer node               instance=Geth/v1.8.12-unstable-f1986f86/linux-amd64/go1.10.3
INFO [06-20|17:15:04.993635] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/root/.ethereum/testnet/geth/chaindata cache=768 handles=512
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.054257] Writing custom genesis block 
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.069545] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=355 size=51.89kB time=1.935374ms gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.070105] Initialised chain configuration          config="{ChainID: 3 Homestead: 0 DAO:  DAOSupport: true EIP150: 0 EIP155: 10 EIP158: 10 Byzantium: 1700000 Constantinople:  Engine: ethash}"
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.070282] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches   dir=/root/.ethereum/testnet/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.070394] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs     dir=/root/.ethash                       count=2
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.070531] Initialising Ethereum protocol           versions="[63 62]" network=3
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.07101] Loaded most recent local header          number=0 hash=419410…ca4a2d td=1048576
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.071186] Loaded most recent local full block      number=0 hash=419410…ca4a2d td=1048576
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.071281] Loaded most recent local fast block      number=0 hash=419410…ca4a2d td=1048576
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.071548] Regenerated local transaction journal    transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [06-20|17:15:05.072007] Starting P2P networking 
INFO [06-20|17:15:07.258259] UDP listener up                          self=enode://652a8e7e33f87110907f31aa0943137a5252a47508f496730780fe9bdad84bc33eddc27ac2e5404f4050b1e655dc290a2106af8e4f73a5d40ac0d473e0394656@[::]:30303
INFO [06-20|17:15:07.261285] RLPx listener up                         self=enode://652a8e7e33f87110907f31aa0943137a5252a47508f496730780fe9bdad84bc33eddc27ac2e5404f4050b1e655dc290a2106af8e4f73a5d40ac0d473e0394656@[::]:30303
INFO [06-20|17:15:07.262189] IPC endpoint opened                      url=/root/.ethereum/testnet/geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.8.12-unstable-f1986f86/linux-amd64/go1.10.3
 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

>

由于在以太坊公链上做任何操作，都需要消耗以太币(eth)，对于开发者来说，很有必要在本地自行搭建一个测试区块链网络，进行智能合约的开发，最后再将开发好的合约部署到公链上。如何搭建以太坊测试的网络进行开发，请参考文章以太坊测试区块链环境搭建

当然，我们的目标是从以太坊公链中同步数据，接下来，关掉测试网络，我们直接启动主网。


# 启动geth客户端
> geth --datadir=/data0/eth
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.295669] Maximum peer count                       ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.296785] Starting peer-to-peer node               instance=Geth/v1.8.12-unstable-f1986f86/linux-amd64/go1.10.3
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.296874] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data0/eth/geth/chaindata cache=768 handles=512
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.352014] Writing default main-net genesis block 
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.75667] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=12356 size=1.88mB time=59.845085ms gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.757004] Initialised chain configuration          config="{ChainID: 1 Homestead: 1150000 DAO: 1920000 DAOSupport: true EIP150: 2463000 EIP155: 2675000 EIP158: 2675000 Byzantium: 4370000 Constantinople:  Engine: ethash}"
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.757053] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches   dir=/data0/eth/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.757066] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs     dir=/root/.ethash          count=2
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.757112] Initialising Ethereum protocol           versions="[63 62]" network=1
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.757397] Loaded most recent local header          number=0 hash=d4e567…cb8fa3 td=17179869184
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.757427] Loaded most recent local full block      number=0 hash=d4e567…cb8fa3 td=17179869184
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.757438] Loaded most recent local fast block      number=0 hash=d4e567…cb8fa3 td=17179869184
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.75756] Regenerated local transaction journal    transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [06-20|17:41:49.757872] Starting P2P networking 
INFO [06-20|17:41:51.914746] UDP listener up                          self=enode://a42c2cfd562a0edf5ec8b647b48fa3f51639ab7a37191046578777c100022fae08976a82806def07c67c11d9b24e33aaa1e2c7a039d85803dcd78724ba2a422f@[::]:30303
INFO [06-20|17:41:51.915259] RLPx listener up                         self=enode://a42c2cfd562a0edf5ec8b647b48fa3f51639ab7a37191046578777c100022fae08976a82806def07c67c11d9b24e33aaa1e2c7a039d85803dcd78724ba2a422f@[::]:30303
INFO [06-20|17:41:51.918433] IPC endpoint opened                      url=/data0/eth/geth.ipc
INFO [06-20|17:42:01.916843] Block synchronisation started 
INFO [06-20|17:42:04.015969] Imported new block headers               count=192 elapsed=1.016s number=192 hash=723899…123390 ignored=0
INFO [06-20|17:42:04.032948] Imported new block receipts              count=2   elapsed=168.99µs number=2   hash=b495a1…4698c9 size=8.00B  ignored=0
INFO [06-20|17:42:04.087556] Imported new block headers               count=192 elapsed=68.154ms number=384 hash=d3d5d5…c79cf3 ignored=0

启动参数：

  • –datadir，用于指定目录

接下来，进入/data0/eth的指定目录。


> cd /data0/eth
> ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jun 20 17:43 ./
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jun 20 17:41 ../
drwx------ 5 root root 4096 Jun 20 17:43 geth/
srw------- 1 root root    0 Jun 20 17:43 geth.ipc=
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Jun 20 17:41 keystore/

有2个文件夹，分别存入不同的文件：

  • geth, 用于存储公链的数据
  • keystore, 用于存储秘钥
  • geth.ipc=, 启动时产生一个文件

接下来，我们打开一个命令工作台


> geth --datadir=/data0/eth attach
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.8.12-unstable-f1986f86/linux-amd64/go1.10.3
 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

# 输入eth命令
> eth
{
  accounts: [],
  blockNumber: 0,
  coinbase: undefined,
  compile: {
    lll: function(),
    serpent: function(),
    solidity: function()
  },
  defaultAccount: undefined,
  defaultBlock: "latest",
  gasPrice: 18000000000,
  hashrate: 0,
  mining: false,
  pendingTransactions: [],
  protocolVersion: "0x3f",
  syncing: {
    currentBlock: 1841355,
    highestBlock: 5822416,
    knownStates: 4513217,
    pulledStates: 4491604,
    startingBlock: 1628922
  },
  call: function(),
  contract: function(abi),
  estimateGas: function(),
  filter: function(options, callback, filterCreationErrorCallback),
  getAccounts: function(callback),
  getBalance: function(),
  getBlock: function(),
  getBlockNumber: function(callback),
  getBlockTransactionCount: function(),
  getBlockUncleCount: function(),
  getCode: function(),
  getCoinbase: function(callback),
  getCompilers: function(),
  getGasPrice: function(callback),
  getHashrate: function(callback),
  getMining: function(callback),
  getPendingTransactions: function(callback),
  getProtocolVersion: function(callback),
  getRawTransaction: function(),
  getRawTransactionFromBlock: function(),
  getStorageAt: function(),
  getSyncing: function(callback),
  getTransaction: function(),
  getTransactionCount: function(),
  getTransactionFromBlock: function(),
  getTransactionReceipt: function(),
  getUncle: function(),
  getWork: function(),
  iban: function(iban),
  icapNamereg: function(),
  isSyncing: function(callback),
  namereg: function(),
  resend: function(),
  sendIBANTransaction: function(),
  sendRawTransaction: function(),
  sendTransaction: function(),
  sign: function(),
  signTransaction: function(),
  submitTransaction: function(),
  submitWork: function()
}

新建一个账户，test.dan


# 查看我的账户 
> eth.accounts
[]

# 新建一个账户
> personal.newAccount("test.dan")
"0x377410e6b50762a51d54d9f26830e60124072f35"

# 再查看我的账户
> eth.accounts
["0x377410e6b50762a51d54d9f26830e60124072f35"]

# 查看账号余额
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
0

同时，我们也可以直接通过etherscan，以太坊的区块浏览器来查询这个新建的账号的情况。

从网页上，我们可以看到这个地址已经生效，只是没有金额。看到这些信息，代表你的geth程序已经启动了。有几十G的数据，需要同步！

安装geth相比bitcoin安装复杂度差不多，按照官方文档的介绍基本能走通的，安装过程对于技术人来不是什么大问题。不同的公链，有不同的节点软件，安装方法也不同，下一篇文章将介绍EOS的客户端EOSIO的安装。

转载请注明出处：
http://blog.fens.me/bitcoin-install-geth

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